Chlortetracycline is a tetracycline-class antibiotic, also known as "Aureomycin." The related information is summarized as follows:
I. Basic Information
Chemical Formula: C22H23ClN2O8
Molecular Weight: 478.88
CAS Number: 57-62-5
Appearance: Golden or yellow crystalline powder
Storage Conditions: 2-8°C
II. Physical and Chemical Properties
Melting Point: 168-169°C (decomposes)
Density: 1.2833 (rough estimate)
Refractive Index: 1.6000 (estimated)
Solubility: Very slightly soluble in water, soluble in saline solutions; its hydrochloride is slightly soluble in methanol, water, ethanol, and insoluble in acetone, ether, chloroform
Stability: Stable in air, darkens gradually under light
III. Source and Preparation
Chlortetracycline is produced by fermentation of Streptomyces aureofaciens. The fermentation broth is acidified and filtered to obtain a precipitate, which is dissolved in ethanol, then precipitated with acid to obtain crude product. This is further dissolved and crystallized into the hydrochloride form.
IV. Mechanism of Action
Once chlortetracycline enters the bacterial cell, it reversibly binds to receptors on the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, interfering with the binding of tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex. This prevents the elongation of the peptide chain, inhibiting protein synthesis, and thereby rapidly suppresses bacterial growth and reproduction.
V. Antibacterial Spectrum and Efficacy
Antibacterial Spectrum: Chlortetracycline exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, inhibiting the growth and reproduction of a wide variety of bacteria, some rickettsiae, mycoplasma, spirochetes, and protozoa.
Main Uses:
· Treatment of diseases like typhoid and white diarrhea in livestock and poultry.
· As a growth promoter, used in pig feed.
· Used to treat pyoderma, minor burns, and infected ulcers.
· Suitable for treating superficial eye infections caused by sensitive gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and sensitive gram-negative bacteria such as Haemophilus influenzae.
VI. Applications and Precautions
Applications: Chlortetracycline can be used as a feed additive, dermatological medication, and for the treatment of eye infections.
Precautions:
· Chlortetracycline has certain hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, so dosage and treatment duration should be carefully controlled.
· Due to high resistance in some bacteria, usage should be based on specific circumstances and doctor's recommendations for rational selection.
· Long-term or improper use may lead to allergic reactions or secondary infections.
Chlortetracycline is a broad-spectrum tetracycline-class antibiotic that can be used for treating and preventing various diseases. However, attention must be paid to its potential toxicity and resistance issues to ensure safe and effective use.
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