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Nisin's solubility in different solvents is influenced by various factors such as pH and temperature. Here’s a detailed analysis of its solubility:

1. Aqueous Solvents

·Effect of pH: Nisin's solubility in water is significantly dependent on pH. At lower pH values, its solubility is higher; as pH increases to neutral and alkaline conditions, solubility markedly decreases or even becomes insoluble. Specifically, at pH 2.5, the solubility is 12%; at pH 5.0, it drops to 4.0%; and at pH 7 (neutral), solubility further declines.

·Other Factors: In the presence of macromolecules like milk, nisin's stability significantly increases, likely due to protective effects from these macromolecules.

2. Organic Solvents

·Insoluble in Ethanol: Nisin is insoluble in ethanol, indicating poor solubility in organic solvents.

·Solubility in DMSO: Nisin exhibits some solubility in DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), although specific values may vary based on experimental conditions. Generally, gentle heating and ultrasonic treatment can enhance its solubility in DMSO.

3. Acidic Solvents

·Hydrochloric Acid Solution: In acidic solvents like 0.02M hydrochloric acid, nisin's solubility significantly increases due to the acidic environment helping maintain its stability and activity.

4. Alkaline Solvents

·Insolubility under Alkaline Conditions: Nisin is nearly insoluble in alkaline conditions, likely because the alkaline environment disrupts its structure, leading to loss of solubility.

5. Relationship between Stability and Solubility

·pH and Stability: Nisin's stability is closely related to pH. Under acidic conditions (e.g., pH 2), it exhibits good heat resistance and stability; however, stability significantly decreases in neutral or alkaline conditions.

·Temperature and Stability: Temperature is also an important factor affecting nisin's stability, as its activity may be compromised at high temperatures.

Nisin's solubility in various solvents is influenced by multiple factors, with pH being a major determinant. In practical applications, selecting the appropriate solvent and pH range is essential to ensure its solubility and stability.