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Nisin has a variety of applications in food processing, primarily reflected in the following aspects:

1. Direct Addition

Nisin can be directly added to various foods to extend their shelf life and maintain quality. This is the most common form of its application in food processing. The amount added may vary depending on the type of food and processing requirements, but it usually provides significant preservative effects even at low concentrations.

2. Composite Preservatives

Nisin can also be used in combination with other preservatives to enhance preservative effects. This composite use can offer more comprehensive protection against different types of microorganisms. For example, in meat products, it can be combined with preservatives like nitrites to enhance the inhibition of pathogenic bacteria such as Clostridium botulinum.

3. Functional Food Ingredient

In addition to serving as a preservative, nisin can also be added to foods as a functional ingredient. For instance, in dairy products, it can not only inhibit the growth of pathogens and spoilage bacteria but also improve the texture and taste of the product. Moreover, it has physiological functions such as promoting gut health, making it widely used in health foods.

4. Application in Specific Processing Techniques

Nisin also has unique applications in certain food processing techniques. For example, in the production of canned foods, it can effectively inhibit the growth of spoilage and pathogenic bacteria, thereby improving the safety and quality of the products. Additionally, in the production of fruit juices and other beverages, nisin can be used to prevent contamination and proliferation of acid-resistant and heat-resistant bacteria such as Alicyclobacillus.

5. Usage Considerations

·Dosage: The dosage should be determined based on the specific type of food and processing requirements, generally ranging between 0.03—0.2g/kg.

·pH Value: The preservative effect is influenced by pH, and it typically works better under acidic conditions.

·Temperature: Nisin may lose its activity at high temperatures, so it is important to control the temperature during use.

·Interaction with Other Ingredients: Nisin may interact with other ingredients in food, so thorough testing and evaluation should be conducted before use.

The main application forms of nisin in food processing include direct addition, composite preservatives, functional food ingredients, and specific processing techniques. These application forms make nisin increasingly important in the food industry.