Nisin mechanism of action

Nisin is a naturally occurring antimicrobial peptide that is commonly used as a food preservative.It is produced by certain strains of the bacterium Lactococcus lactis.The mechanism of action of nisin involves its ability to disrupt bacterial cell membranes, particularly those of Gram-positive bacteria.

Nisin initially binds to a precursor molecule called Lipid II, which is involved in bacterial cell wall synthesis.Lipid II is present in the cell membrane of bacteria, and nisin specifically targets this molecule.

Once bound to Lipid II, nisin undergoes a conformational change that allows it to form pores in the bacterial cell membrane.These pores lead to the leakage of cellular contents, including ions and ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

The formation of pores by nisin disrupts the electrochemical gradient across the bacterial cell membrane.This disruption interferes with essential cellular processes and eventually leads to cell death.

Nisin not only disrupts the membrane integrity but also interferes with cell wall synthesis by binding to Lipid II.This dual mode of action contributes to its effectiveness against a broad spectrum of Gram-positive bacteria.

Nisin has a high degree of selectivity for Gram-positive bacteria because the target molecule, Lipid II, is predominantly found in these bacteria.Gram-negative bacteria have a different cell wall structure, which makes them less susceptible to the action of nisin.

Nisin has been found to be effective against a variety of Gram-positive bacteria, including foodborne pathogens such as Listeria, Staphylococcus, and Clostridium species.

Nisin has been extensively studied for its antimicrobial properties and has been approved for use as a food preservative in many countries.Its mechanism of action, particularly its specificity for Gram-positive bacteria, makes it a valuable tool in food preservation and as a potential alternative to traditional antibiotics in certain applications.