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Nisin is not prone to inducing microbial resistance, primarily due to its unique antibacterial mechanism and properties. Based on its mechanism of action, nisin exerts its antibacterial effect mainly by disrupting the structure of microbial cell membranes. Specifically, it interacts with the microbial cell membrane, causing its disruption, which leads to disordered exchange of substances inside and outside the cell, ultimately resulting in microbial death. This antibacterial mechanism differs from that of traditional antibiotics, which often work by inhibiting microbial metabolic processes (such as protein synthesis, DNA replication, etc.). Because nisin acts directly on the cell membrane, it is more difficult for microbes to develop resistance through genetic mutations.
Nisin has a strong bactericidal effect against a variety of pathogenic microorganisms, including some antibiotic-resistant strains, and this high efficacy makes it harder for microbes to survive and reproduce when exposed to it, thereby reducing the chance of resistance developing.
Nisin is a naturally occurring substance produced by Lactococcus lactis during fermentation. It is non-toxic, has no side effects, and is harmless to humans. When used extensively in the food industry, it has been proven to be safe, without causing adverse reactions or resistance issues in humans.
Nisin exhibits good stability under different pH levels and temperature conditions, allowing it to maintain its antibacterial activity throughout food processing and storage without concerns about losing its efficacy.
Nisin not only disrupts microbial cell membranes through its unique antibacterial mechanism, but it is also difficult for microbes to develop resistance due to its high efficacy, safety, and stability. Additionally, its widespread application in the food industry further demonstrates its low potential to induce microbial resistance.
Nisin's low propensity to induce microbial resistance is mainly due to the combined effects of its unique antibacterial mechanism (directly disrupting cell membrane structure), high efficacy, safety, and stability. These factors enable it to excel in inhibiting microbial growth and reproduction while minimizing the risk of resistance development.