Natamycin is a polyene macrolide antifungal agent that is commonly used for preservation in the fields of food, pharmaceuticals, etc. The following are some key points for the scientific use of natamycin to ensure its preservation effect:
I. Understanding the Scope of Application and Dosage
Scope of Application: Different countries and regions have clear regulations on the scope of use of natamycin. For example, in China, it can be used for the preservation of foods such as cheese, pastries, soy sauce, vinegar, sauces and sauce products, and edible fungi. Before use, it is necessary to ensure that the items to be treated are within the scope of application of natamycin.
Dosage: Use it according to the maximum allowable usage specified in relevant standards. For example, in cheese, the maximum usage of natamycin is 0.3g/kg; in pastries, the maximum usage is also 0.3g/kg. Excessive use may not only increase the cost but also bring potential safety risks, while insufficient dosage may not achieve the desired preservation effect.
II. Correct Dissolution and Preparation
Solvent Selection: Natamycin is insoluble in water and slightly soluble in organic solvents such as methanol and ethanol. Generally, cosolvents such as propylene glycol and Tween-80 can be used to help it dissolve. For example, it can be first dissolved in an appropriate amount of propylene glycol and then diluted with water to the required concentration.
Preparation Method: When preparing the natamycin solution, stir it thoroughly to ensure its uniform dispersion. Auxiliary means such as heating (but the temperature should not be too high, generally not exceeding 60°C) and ultrasonic treatment can be used to accelerate the dissolution. However, care should be taken to avoid the inactivation of natamycin due to excessively high temperature or other factors.
III. Appropriate Timing and Method of Use
Timing of Use: Natamycin should be added at an appropriate stage during the product production process. For example, in food production, it is generally added before product packaging to ensure that it plays a preservation role during the storage and sales of the product. For some raw materials that are prone to fungal contamination, natamycin can also be added during the pretreatment stage for protection.
Method of Use: Select an appropriate addition method according to the characteristics of the product. For liquid foods, the natamycin solution can be directly added and stirred evenly; for solid foods, methods such as spraying, soaking, or smearing can be used to apply it to the surface of the food. For example, when making mooncakes, an appropriate amount of natamycin solution can be sprayed on the surface of the mooncakes to inhibit the growth of mold.
IV. Controlling Environmental Conditions
Temperature: The preservation effect of natamycin is greatly affected by temperature. Generally speaking, at lower temperatures, its preservation effect is better. For example, under refrigeration conditions (0 - 4°C), it can more effectively inhibit the growth of fungi. Therefore, for products preserved with it, low-temperature storage should be maintained as much as possible.
pH Value: Natamycin has better stability under acidic and neutral conditions and may degrade under alkaline conditions. It is necessary to select whether to use it and determine its usage amount according to the pH range of the product. Generally speaking, when the pH value of the product is between 3 and 7, natamycin can exert a better preservation effect.
V. Combined Use with Other Preservatives
In order to enhance the preservation effect, natamycin can be used in combination with other preservatives. For example, when it is combined with potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, etc., it can inhibit the growth of microorganisms at different action targets, thus expanding the antibacterial spectrum and improving the preservation effect. However, when using them in combination, attention should be paid to the interactions among various preservatives to avoid antagonistic effects. At the same time, relevant regulations on the use of combined preservatives should be complied with.
When using natamycin, attention should also be paid to the safety protection of operators to avoid direct contact with the skin and eyes. In case of accidental contact, immediately rinse with a large amount of clean water.