Can ε-Polylysine hydrochloride be used as a surface disinfectant or sanitizer?

In recent times, the importance of effective surface disinfection and sanitization has been emphasized due to the ongoing global health concerns. As a result, researchers and industries have been exploring various disinfectants and sanitizers to combat the spread of pathogens. One such compound that has gained attention is ε-polylysine hydrochloride. This article aims to discuss the potential of ε-polylysine hydrochloride as a surface disinfectant or sanitizer, including its properties, mode of action, effectiveness, and potential applications.

Properties of ε-Polylysine Hydrochloride:
ε-Polylysine hydrochloride is a cationic biopolymer derived from the fermentation of Streptomyces albulus. It is a natural, non-toxic, and biodegradable substance that is approved for use in various countries, including Japan and the European Union. The compound is known for its antimicrobial properties and has been widely used in the food industry as a preservative. ε-Polylysine hydrochloride is water-soluble and exhibits stability over a wide pH range, making it suitable for diverse applications.

Mode of Action:
The antimicrobial activity of ε-polylysine hydrochloride is attributed to its cationic nature. It interacts with the negatively charged microbial cell membranes, leading to disruption and destabilization. This interaction results in the leakage of cellular components, inhibition of vital cellular processes, and ultimately leads to cell death. The mechanism of action is non-specific, making it difficult for pathogens to develop resistance against ε-polylysine hydrochloride.

Effectiveness as a Surface Disinfectant:
Studies have demonstrated the efficacy of ε-polylysine hydrochloride in reducing the viability of various microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. It has shown promising results against common pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Candida albicans, and Influenza virus. The compound has also exhibited significant antiviral activity against enveloped viruses, which are often more challenging to combat. Its effectiveness as a surface disinfectant depends on factors such as concentration, contact time, and environmental conditions.

Potential Applications:
ε-Polylysine hydrochloride has the potential for use as a surface disinfectant or sanitizer in several settings, including:

a. Healthcare Facilities: Hospitals, clinics, and other healthcare settings can benefit from the antimicrobial properties of ε-polylysine hydrochloride. It can be used to disinfect surfaces, medical equipment, and high-touch areas to reduce the risk of healthcare-associated infections.

b. Food Processing Industry: Given its safety profile and effectiveness against foodborne pathogens, ε-polylysine hydrochloride can be utilized in food processing and packaging to enhance food safety and extend shelf life.

c. Public Spaces: Surfaces in public spaces such as schools, public transportation, and recreational facilities are frequently touched by multiple individuals, making them potential sources of transmission. The application of ε-polylysine hydrochloride can help reduce the microbial load and minimize the risk of infection.

d. Home and Personal Use: As consumers become more conscious of personal hygiene, ε-polylysine hydrochloride-based sanitizers and surface disinfectants could be introduced for everyday use, providing an additional layer of protection against pathogens.

Safety Considerations:
ε-Polylysine hydrochloride is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in food applications and has a low toxicity profile. However, as with any disinfectant or sanitizer, it is crucial to follow the recommended guidelines regarding concentration, contact time, and proper ventilation during application to ensure safe usage.
Conclusion:
ε-Polylysine hydrochloride exhibits potent antimicrobial properties, making it a promising candidate for surface disinfection and sanitization. Its natural origin, biodegradability, and non-toxic nature contribute to its appeal as an alternative to traditional disinfectants. While further research and testing are warranted to explore its full potential, ε-polylysine hydrochloride holds promise in various settings, from healthcare facilities to public spaces and household use, in the fight against pathogens and the promotion of public health.