Nisin is an antimicrobial peptide produced by Lactococcus lactis. It specifically binds to the outer membrane protein PBP5 on the cell membranes of Gram-positive bacteria, interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis and thus exerting its antibacterial effect. It is widely used in the food industry, including in dairy products, canned goods, fish products, and alcoholic beverages. By inhibiting the cell wall synthesis of Gram-positive bacteria, it prevents their growth and reproduction, effectively inhibiting bacteria such as Clostridium botulinum, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus hemolyticus.
Nisin has high selectivity, killing only Gram-positive bacteria while being non-toxic to humans and animals, making it suitable for food preservation. Its application in food can effectively inhibit bacteria that cause food spoilage, extending the shelf life of products. For instance, adding nisin to meat products can significantly extend their shelf life by 2-3 times.
Nisin is a non-toxic natural preservative that is quickly hydrolyzed into amino acids under physiological pH conditions in the human body and by the action of α-chymotrypsin. It does not alter the normal intestinal flora or cause resistance issues like other antibiotics.
The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives has confirmed that nisin can be used as a food preservative. The Chinese Ministry of Health has also approved its use, deeming it safe as a food preservative.
Research on its application in various foods has shown that nisin can significantly inhibit the growth of spoilage bacteria, extend the shelf life of foods, and maintain their quality and taste.
Nisin powder, with its unique antibacterial and preservative properties, provides an efficient, non-toxic, and safe solution for preserving and extending the shelf life of foods in the food industry.